我们不能简单的把CPT看作是打工,它的本质是算学分的课程,并且有很多CPT会付工资;OPT则是毕业后的带薪实习。
然而CPT给学生带来的价值很多时候并不是工资那么简单,很多同学通过CPT的机会最终拿到这个公司的OPT。而OPT是拿到工作签证(H1B)最重要的一步。
所以这个机会告诉了我们什么呢?
第一,有意向在美国工作的学生,在选择学校的时候,这一点是一个很重要的参考因素,因为并不是所有学校都会开设这样的课程,比如说Boston College 的 Accounting 就没有提供CPT的机会。
第二,进入学校入读之后,如果有机会可以做CPT,那么毫不犹豫的抓住机会。
总体来说,毕业生可以直接申请H1B,也可以申请OPT,这两者之间没有明确的先后顺序。但是H1B每年都有相应的配额,一般来说每年大概在65000左右的名额,而申请者很多时候会达到18~20万。
所以毫不夸张的说,取得H1B很多时候是靠“抽签”的,而并不是靠优秀程度。因为并不是所有的公司都有资质帮助你申请H1B,这个很好理解,就好像说在北京有的公司能帮助你解决户口问题,有的公司不能。
在这种情况下,OPT的价值就体现出来了,它能为毕业生拿到H1B提供多一层的机会。
关于OPT
OPT对学生的价值不言而喻,不仅仅是取得H1B的重要通道,还是在美积累工作经验的少有途径。OPT一般来说期限是12个月,也就是说,如果在这期间内,没有办法拿到H1B至少你还积累了一年的工作经验。
以南加州大学为例(如下图所示),在一个学生毕业前90天内即可去申请OPT,但是必须在毕业前3周确保OIS(Office of International Office国际学生办公室)收到申请。而OPT开始的时间一般是在毕业后60天内。
但是,请注意,对于同一个学生来说,每个Degree Level(学位等级)只有一次OPT的机会,换句话说,如果你在美国先读了一个Master,然后申请了OPT,那么在OPT结束后你又读了一个Master那么你就不能再申请OPT了。而如果这个时候你选择是继续读PhD,那么在PhD结束后你还可以继续申请OPT。
如上我们所说的OPT时长仅仅是对于普通专业的学生,但是对于STEM专业(science, technology, engineering, mathematic)(的学生来说,顺利找到OPT的工作,就可以申请把OPT延长至29个月,所以STEM学生能有2年抽H1B的机会。
这样就大大增加了拿到H1B的机会。从这点也可以印证我们上面所说的在就业方面,理工科更有优势的观点。这也说明其实美国政府也是欢迎有技术能力的外国人在美国工作的,另一方面也可以说,美国政府也在保护本土人的就业环境。
附:美国大学STEM专业(Science,Technology,Engineering,Mathematic)
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